Tomasz Tunguz · 2 November 2026 · Industry Analysis

The Four Questions of AI

Tomasz Tunguz, MD @ Theory

The AI stack divides into four interdependent layers—applications, harnesses, models, and data centers—each facing a critical question about moats, ownership, scaling economics, and infrastructure constraints. These layers form a coupled system where moves in one cascade unpredictably through the others.

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Topics: AI (Horizontal) · AI Infrastructure

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